Introduction: Outcomes 2008

Dowd NP, Karski JM, Cheng DC, et al. 2002. Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 97:390-9.nYeh HM, Lau HP, Lin PL, Sun WZ, Mok MS. 2003. Convulsions and refractory ventricular fibrillation after intrathecal injection of a massive dose of tranexamic acid. Anesthesiology 98:270-2.nYamamura A, Nakamura T, Makino H, Hagihara Y. 1980. Cerebral complication of antifibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysm: Animal experiment and a review of literature. Eur Neurol 19: 77-84.nFurtmüller R, Schlag MG, Berger M, et al. 2002. Tranexamic acid, a widely used antifibrinolytic agent, causes convulsions by a gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor antagonistic effect. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 301:168-73.nMurkin JM, Adams SJ, Novick RJ, et al. 2007. Monitoring brain oxygen saturation during coronary bypass surgery: a randomized, prospective study. Anesth Analg 104:51-8[2].nMurkin JM, Martzke JS, Buchan AM, et al. 1995. A randomized study of the influence of perfusion technique and pH management strategy in 316 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. II. Neurologic and cognitive outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 110:349-62.nBarbut D, Lo YW, Gold JP, et al. 1997. Impact of embolization during coronary artery bypass grafting on outcome and length of stay. Ann Thorac Surgery 63:998-1002.nPugsley W, Klinger L, Paschalis C, Treasure T, Harrison M, Newman S. 1994. The impact of microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass on neuropsy-chological functioning. Stroke 25(7):1393-9.nTaylor KM. 1998. Brain damage during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 65:S20-6.nBarak M, Katz Y. 2005. Microbubbles: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Chest 128:2918-2932.nJones, TJ, Deal DD, Vemon JC, Blackburn N, Stump DA. 2002. Does vacuum-assisted venous drainage increase gaseous microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass? Ann Thorac Surg 74:2132-7.nDickinson TA, Riley JB, Crowley JC, Zabetakis PM. 2006. In vitro evaluation of the air separation ability of four cardiovascular manufacturer extracorporeal circuit designs. J Extra-Corpor Technol 38: 206-213.nBourger MA, Peniston CM, Weisel RD, Vasiliou M, Green REA, Feindel CM. 2001. Neuropsychologic impairment after coronary bypass surgery: effect of gaseous microemboli during perfusionist interventions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121:743-9.n