TY - JOUR AU - Hu, Hui AU - Qi, Lei AU - Ren, Changjie AU - Yan, Suhua PY - 2022/09/28 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - M2 Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Regulate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion And Pyroptosis Via ROS/NLRP3 Pathway: M2-exos Protects Against I/R injury JF - The Heart Surgery Forum JA - HSF VL - 25 IS - 5 SE - DO - 10.1532/hsf.4919 UR - https://journal.hsforum.com/index.php/HSF/article/view/4919 SP - E698-E708 AB - <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Objective</strong>: To evaluate whether M2 macrophage-derived exosomes protect against MI/R injury and reveal the protective mechanism of exosomes [Kourembanas 2015].</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Methods</strong>: I/R model injury was induced by temporary left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, macrophages isolated from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were induced to M2 polarization, and H9C2 cells subjected to hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) were used to establish an in vitro model. I/R-induced rats and H/R-induced H9C2 cells were treated with M2-exos in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Masson staining was performed to observe myocardial fibrosis in rats. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of myocardial tissues showed the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyrolysis. Exosomes derived from IL-4-treated macrophages (M2-exos) were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western bolt. Western bolt was performed to determine the protein level, including NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, pro-IL-1</span><span class="s2">β</span><span class="s1">, cleaved IL-1</span><span class="s2">β</span><span class="s1">, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and N-terminus of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N).</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Results</strong>: Activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and existence of pyroptosis in the rats subjected to MI/R were significantly higher than those in the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, we confirmed the accumulation of ROS during I/R injury in cardiomyocytes. M2-exos protected against I/R injury and reduced activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and existence of pyroptosis, accompanied with attenuating oxidative stress. In vitro studies showed similar effects, H9c2 cells co-cultured with M2-exos could attenuated H/R-induced cell injury, while M2-exos suppressed the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</span></p> ER -