@article{Grünenfelder_Comber_Lachat_Leskosek_Turina_Zünd_2005, title={Validation of Intracoronary Shunt Flow Measurements for Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Operations}, volume={7}, url={https://journal.hsforum.com/index.php/HSF/article/view/1203}, DOI={10.1532/hsf.1203}, abstractNote={<P>Introduction: Intracoronary shunting is a useful, easy and inexpensive technique to maintain blood flow during off-pump surgery to lessen myocardial ischemia. Intracoronary shunts should provide a minimal flow for adequate myocardial protection. </P><P>Material and Methods: Two commercially available shunts were used to measure flow from a bulb-size diameter of 1.00 mm to 3.00 mm (n = 10) in an in vitro setup. Shunts were perfused with Glycerin 47% solution at 37 ° C. Inlet pressure was raised continuously from 0 to 160 mmHg in all intracoronary shunts. </P><P>Results: In both groups (recipients of either type A shunt or type B shunt), mean pressure of 40 mmHg was necessary in shunts with diameter of 3.0 mm to provide a flow of approximately 50 mL/min. At mean pressure of 100 mmHg, a maximum flow of 126 mL/min was measured. Shunt B of 2.5-mm and 3.0-mm diameter showed similar flow patterns: 50 versus 52 mL/min at 40 mmHg and 98 versus 108 mL/min at 100 mmHg. Shunt A at 2.5-mm diameter showed 37 mL/min at 40 mmHg and 80 mL/min at 100 mmHg (P = .01). Shunt B at 1.5-mm diameter required 75 mmHg for approximately 40mL/min and showed maximum flow of 51 mL/min at 100 mmHg (P < .001). Only minimal flow was measured in 1.0-mm shunts of both groups. </P><P>Conclusions: There is a clear pressure/flow correlation in 2.0-mm to 3.0-mm shunts with maximum flow of 126 mL/min. Type B shunt of 1.5-mm and 2.5-mm diameter showed significant better flow rates. The possible value of 1.0-mm shunts is only in stenting and facilitating anastomosis and to obtain better visibility during anastomosis.</P>}, number={1}, journal={The Heart Surgery Forum}, author={Grünenfelder, Jürg and Comber, Maurice and Lachat, Mario and Leskosek, Boris and Turina, Marko and Zünd, Gregor}, year={2005}, month={Jan.}, pages={E8-E12} }