@article{Menkis_Kodera_Kiaii_Swinamer_Rayman_Boyd_2005, title={Robotic Surgery, the First 100 Cases: Where Do We Go from Here?}, volume={7}, url={https://journal.hsforum.com/index.php/HSF/article/view/1160}, DOI={10.1532/hsf.1160}, abstractNote={<P>Background: Since the robot-assisted cardiac surgery program at this center was initiated in September 1998 the results have been regularly critically evaluated. We report a retrospective review of the first 100 robotic procedures and their evolution. </P><P>Methods: Between September 1998 and May 2001, 146 patients underwent robot-assisted procedures. All procedures were performed using the Aesop robotically controlled camera or the Zeus robotic system. A harmonic scalpel was used for all internal thoracic artery (ITA) dissections whether the dissections were performed manually or with the Zeus robotic system. </P><P>Results: There were 123 closed-heart and 23 open-heart procedures, which included 8 atrial-septal defect repairs, 11 mitral valve repairs, 4 mitral valve replacements, 57 Aesop ITA takedowns, 68 Zeus ITA takedowns, and 13 totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafts. Graft patency in Aesop and Zeus ITA takedown groups was 96%. All the patients were New York Heart Association class I after their procedures. </P><P>Conclusion: With the development of surgical robots, it has been possible to perform endoscopic cardiac surgery for selected cases. Future directions will be demonstrated, including telementoring, telesurgery, and Zeus-assisted initiatives in cardiac surgery and other surgical disciplines.</P>}, number={1}, journal={The Heart Surgery Forum}, author={Menkis, Alan H. and Kodera, Kojiro and Kiaii, Bob and Swinamer, Stuart A. and Rayman, Reiza and Boyd, W. Douglas}, year={2005}, month={Jan.}, pages={E49-E52} }