Cardiovascular Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients with Preoperative Non-dialysis Dependent Renal Insufficiency

Abstract

Background: Preoperative renal insufficiency is a predictor of acute renal injury in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Methods: From January 2010 to September 2012, 121 patients undergoing coronary bypass, valve replacement, or both were included in our retrospective study, using cardiopulmonary bypass. We compared the changes in renal function and clinical outcomes of 66 patients with a baseline serum creatinine level more than 1.5 mg/dL with 55 patients with normal serum creatinine levels. We analyzed the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with non-dialysis dependent renal insufficiency.
Results: In the group of patients with preoperative renal injury, the need for dialysis was greater, time of mechanical ventilation longer, and daily diuresis lesser compared with the group of patients with normal serum creatinine levels. Other clinical outcomes such as postoperative hemodynamic problems and organ dysfunction were similar. Prolonged time of cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp affected postoperative renal injury. The study also showed intraoperative dopamine infusion at renal dose and ultrafiltration are not effective with protecting renal tubular function. Serum creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were found to be useful parameters for renal injury.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate the safety and trustworthiness of cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with non-dialysis dependent renal insufficiency.